[Mutsvakiridzo webudiriro uye hunhu hwevacuum circuit breaker]: vacuum circuit breaker inoreva muparadzi wedunhu ane macontacts akavharwa uye anovhurwa muvacuum.Vacuum breakers dzakadzidzwa pakutanga neUnited Kingdom neUnited States, ndokuzogadziridzwa kuJapan, Germany, yaichimbova Soviet Union nedzimwe nyika.China yakatanga kudzidza dzidziso yevacuum circuit breaker kubva muna 1959, uye yakagadzira zvakasiyana-siyana vacuum circuit breaker mukutanga kwema1970.
Vacuum circuit breaker (Vacuum circuit breaker) zvinoreva muputsi wedunhu ane macontacts anovharika uye anovhurwa ari vacuum.
Vacuum breakers dzakadzidzwa pakutanga neUnited Kingdom neUnited States, ndokuzogadziridzwa kuJapan, Germany, yaichimbova Soviet Union nedzimwe nyika.China yakatanga kudzidza dzidziso yevacuum circuit breakers muna 1959, uye yakagadzira mhando dzakasiyana dzevacuum circuit breakers mukutanga kwema1970.Iko kuenderera mberi kwekuvandudza uye kuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji yekugadzira senge vacuum interrupter, mashandisirwo ekushandisa uye nhanho yekudzivirira yaita kuti vacuum yedunhu inopwanya ikure nekukurumidza, uye nhevedzano yezvakakosha budiriro yakaitwa mukutsvaga kwehukuru hukuru, miniaturization, hungwaru uye kuvimbika.
Iine mabhenefiti eakanaka arc ekudzima hunhu, akakodzera kushanda nguva zhinji, hupenyu hwakareba hwemagetsi, kuvimbika kwekushanda kwakanyanya, uye nguva refu yekuchengetedza yemahara, vacuum circuit breakers yakashandiswa zvakanyanya mumadhorobha nekumaruwa gidhi shanduko, indasitiri yemakemikari, simbi, njanji. kuisa magetsi, migodhi nemamwe maindasitiri muindasitiri yemagetsi yeChina.Zvigadzirwa zvinotangira kubva kune akati wandei eZN1-ZN5 munguva yakapfuura kusvika kune akawanda emhando nemhando izvozvi.Ikozvino yakarongerwa inosvika 4000A, iyo inoputika inosvika 5OKA, kunyange 63kA, uye magetsi anosvika 35kV.
Iko kusimukira uye hunhu hwevacuum circuit breaker inozoonekwa kubva kune akati wandei maficha, kusanganisira kuvandudzwa kwevacuum interrupter, kuvandudzwa kwemashandisirwo emagetsi uye kuvandudzwa kwechimiro chekudzivirira.
Kubudirira uye maitiro evacuum interrupters
2.1Kuvandudza vacuum interrupters
Pfungwa yekushandisa vacuum medium kudzima arc yakaiswa pamberi pakupera kwezana ramakore re19, uye yekutanga vacuum interrupter yakagadzirwa muma1920s.Nekudaro, nekuda kwekugumira kwevacuum tekinoroji, zvishandiso uye mamwe mazinga ehunyanzvi, hazvina kushanda panguva iyoyo.Kubva kuma1950, nekuvandudzwa kwehunyanzvi hutsva, matambudziko mazhinji mukugadzirwa kwevacuum interrupters akagadziriswa, uye vacuum switch yasvika zvishoma nezvishoma padanho rinoshanda.Mukati memakore ekuma1950, General Electric Company yekuUnited States yakagadzira batch yevacuum circuit breakers ine rated breaking current ye12KA.Zvadaro, mukupera kwema1950, nekuda kwekugadzirwa kwevacuum interrupters ne transverse magnetic field contacts, iyo yakatemerwa breaking current yakasimudzwa ku3OKA.Mushure memakore ekuma1970, Toshiba Electric Company yeJapan yakabudirira kugadzira vacuum interrupter ine longitudinal magnetic field contacts, iyo yakawedzera kuwedzera kurongeka kwekuputsa ikozvino kudarika 5OKA.Parizvino, vacuum circuit breakers yakashandiswa zvakanyanya mu1KV uye 35kV magetsi ekugovera masisitimu, uye iyo yakatemerwa yekutyora ikozvino inogona kusvika 5OKA-100KAo.Dzimwe nyika dzakagadzirawo 72kV/84kV vacuum interrupters, asi nhamba idiki.DC high-voltage jenareta
Mumakore achangopfuura, kugadzirwa kwevacuum circuit breakers muChina kwakakurawo nekukurumidza.Parizvino, tekinoroji yevanovhiringidza vacuum yemumba iri padanho neiyo yezvigadzirwa zvekunze.Kune vacuum interrupters vanoshandisa yakamira uye yakachinjika magineti tekinoroji uye yepakati ignition yekubata tekinoroji.Mabatirwo akaitwa neCu Cr alloy materials akabudirira kubvisa 5OKA uye 63kAo vacuum interrupters muChina, ayo asvika padanho repamusoro.Iyo vacuum circuit breaker inogona kushandisa zvachose vacuum interrupters.
2.2Hunhu hwevacuum interrupter
Iyo vacuum arc yekudzima kamuri ndiyo yakakosha chikamu chevacuum circuit breaker.Inotsigirwa uye yakavharwa negirazi kana ceramics.Iko kune dynamic uye static contacts uye inodzivirira inovhara mukati.Pane kumanikidzwa kusina kunaka muimba.Iyo vacuum dhigirii ndeye 133 × 10 Mapfumbamwe 133 × LOJPa, kuve nechokwadi chearc yekudzima kuita kwayo uye nhanho yekudzivirira kana ichityora.Kana iyo vacuum dhigirii yadzikira, kuita kwayo kwekupwanya kuchaderedzwa zvakanyanya.Naizvozvo, iyo vacuum arc yekudzima kamuri haizokanganiswa nechero simba rekunze, uye haizogogodzwa kana kurohwa nemaoko.Iyo haifaniri kusimbiswa panguva yekufambisa nekugadzirisa.Izvo zvinorambidzwa kuisa chero chinhu pane vacuum circuit breaker kudzivirira iyo vacuum arc yekudzima kamuri kubva pakukuvadzwa kana ichidonha.Asati asununguka, iyo vacuum circuit breaker ichaongororwa zvakasimba parallelism uye gungano.Munguva yekugadzirisa, mabhoti ese ekamuri yekudzima arc anosungirirwa kuti ave nechokwadi chekushushikana kwakafanana.
Vacuum circuit breaker inokanganisa ikozvino uye inodzima arc mukamuri yekudzima yevacuum arc.Nekudaro, iyo vacuum yedunhu breaker pachayo haina mudziyo wekutarisa uye nechiyero chekutarisa vacuum dhigirii hunhu, saka vacuum yekudzikisa dhigirii kukanganisa imhosva yakavanzika.Panguva imwecheteyo, kuderedzwa kwedhigirii yevacuum kuchaita zvakanyanya kukanganisa kukwanisa kwevacuum circuit breaker kugura-over-current, uye kutungamirira kune kuderera kwakanyanya kwehupenyu hwebasa remuvharidzi wedunhu, izvo zvinotungamirira kune kuputika kwekuchinja kana kwakakomba.
Kupfupisa, dambudziko guru remuvharidzi wevacuum nderekuti dhigirii rekutsvaira rakaderedzwa.Zvikonzero zvikuru zvekudzikisa vacuum ndezvizvi zvinotevera.
(1) Vacuum circuit breaker chinhu chakapfava.Mushure mekubva mufekitori, fekitori yemagetsi chubhu inogona kuve nekudonha kwegirazi kana zvisimbiso zveceramic mushure menguva zhinji dzemabhambu ekufambisa, kumisa kuvhunduka, kudhumhana netsaona, nezvimwe.
(2) Kune matambudziko mune zvekushandisa kana kugadzirwa kwevacuum interrupter, uye nzvimbo dzekuvuza dzinoonekwa mushure mekushanda kwakawanda.
(3) Kune iyo kupatsanurwa mhando vacuum yedunhu breaker, senge electromagnetic inoshanda meshini, kana ichishanda, nekuda kwechinhambwe chikuru chekubatana kwekushanda, inokanganisa zvakananga kuwiriranisa, kubhuroka, kupfuudza uye humwe hunhu hwechinjo kuti ukurumidze vacuum degree kuderedza.DC high-voltage jenareta
Nzira yekurapa yekudzikisa vacuum degree yevacuum interrupter:
Kakawanda cherechedza dhigirii yevacuum, uye nguva dzose shandisa vacuum tester yevacuum switch kuyera dhigirii yevacuum yevacuum interrupter, kuitira kuti uve nechokwadi chokuti dhigirii yevacuum yevacuum interrupter iri mukati mehuwandu hwakatarwa;Kana iyo vacuum dhigirii yadzikira, iyo vacuum interrupter inofanirwa kutsiviwa, uye hunhu bvunzo senge sitiroko, kuwiriranisa uye bounce inofanirwa kuitwa nemazvo.
3. Kuvandudzwa kwemaitiro ekushanda
Operating mechanism ndechimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvekuongorora mashandiro evacuum circuit breaker.Chikonzero chikuru chinokanganisa kuvimbika kwevacuum circuit breaker ndiyo yemakanika maitiro ekushandisa.Maererano nekuvandudzwa kwemaitiro ekushanda, inogona kugoverwa muzvikamu zvinotevera.DC high-voltage jenareta
3.1Manual operating mechanism
Iyo inoshanda sisitimu inotsamira pakuvhara kwakananga inodaidzwa kunzi bhuku rekushandisa, iro rinonyanya kushandiswa kushandisa masekete mabreaker ane low voltage level uye yakaderera yakatemerwa kutyora ikozvino.Iyo dhizaini yemanyorero yave isingawanzo kushandiswa mumadhipatimendi emagetsi ekunze kunze kwemaindasitiri nemabhizinesi emigodhi.Iyo manyorerwo ekushandisa meshini iri nyore muchimiro, haidi yakaoma yekubatsira michina uye ine iyo yakashata iyo haigone kudzokorodza otomatiki uye inogona kungoshandiswa munharaunda, iyo isina kuchengetedzeka zvakakwana.Naizvozvo, iyo manyorerwo ekushandisa mashandisirwo akapotsa atsiviwa neyechitubu chekushandisa nekuchengetedza simba remanyorero.
3.2Electromagnetic operating mechanism
Iyo inoshanda sisitimu inovharwa nemagetsi emagetsi inonzi electromagnetic operating mechanism d.CD17 michina inogadzirwa mukubatana neyemukati ZN28-12 zvigadzirwa.Muchigadziro, inorongwawo mberi uye shure kwevacuum interrupter.
Zvakanakira iyo electromagnetic inoshanda sisitimu iri nyore, yakavimbika kushanda uye yakaderera mutengo wekugadzira.Izvo zvisingabatsiri ndezvekuti simba rinoshandiswa nekoiri yekuvhara rakakurisa, uye rinoda kugadzirirwa [Ongororo yekuvandudzwa uye hunhu hwevacuum circuit breaker]: Iyo vacuum circuit breaker inoreva muparadzi wedunhu anovharwa nekuvhurwa. muri vacuum.Vacuum breakers dzakadzidzwa pakutanga neUnited Kingdom neUnited States, ndokuzogadziridzwa kuJapan, Germany, yaichimbova Soviet Union nedzimwe nyika.China yakatanga kudzidza dzidziso yevacuum circuit breaker kubva muna 1959, uye yakagadzira zvakasiyana-siyana vacuum circuit breaker mukutanga kwema1970.
Mabhatiri anodhura, hombe yekuvhara ikozvino, chimiro chakakura, nguva refu yekushanda, uye zvishoma nezvishoma kuderedzwa kwemusika.
3.3Chitubu chekushandisa nzira DC yakakwira-voltage jenareta
Chitubu chekushandisa chinoshandisa iyo yakachengetwa simba chitubu sesimba rekuita kuti switch ione kuvhara chiito.Inogona kufambiswa nemanpower kana diki simba AC uye DC mota, saka simba rekuvhara harina kukanganiswa nezvinhu zvekunze (senge simba rekupa magetsi, mhepo yemhepo sosi, hydraulic pressure ye hydraulic pressure source), isingagone chete. zadzisa kumhanya kwekuvhara kwepamusoro, asi zvakare ziva nekukurumidza otomatiki inodzokororwa kuvhara kushanda;Uye zvakare, zvichienzaniswa neiyo electromagnetic inoshanda sisitimu, chitubu chekushandisa chine mutengo wakaderera uye wakaderera mutengo.Ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa kushandiswa kwemaitiro muvacuum circuit breaker, uye vagadziri vayo vakawandawo, vanogara vachivandudza.CT17 uye CT19 nzira dzakajairika, uye ZN28-17, VS1 uye VGl inoshandiswa navo.
Kazhinji, chitubu chekushandisa chine mazana ezvikamu, uye nzira yekufambisa yakaoma kunzwisisa, ine mwero wekutadza kwakanyanya, zvikamu zvakawanda zvinofamba uye zvakakwirira zvekugadzira zvinodiwa.Mukuwedzera, chimiro chekushanda kwechirimo chakaoma, uye kune akawanda anotsvedza anotsvedza nzvimbo, uye mazhinji acho ari muzvikamu zvakakosha.Munguva yekushanda kwenguva refu, kupera uye kuora kwezvikamu izvi, pamwe nekurasikirwa uye kuporesa kwemafuta, zvinotungamirira kuzvikanganiso zvekushanda.Pane kunyanya zvinotevera zvinokanganisa.
(1) Mutsigiri wedunhu anoramba kushanda, kureva kuti, inotumira chiratidzo chekushanda kumutambo wedunhu pasina kuvhara kana kuzarura.
(2) Shanduko haigone kuvharwa kana kubviswa mushure mekuvhara.
(3) Muchiitiko chetsaona, relay kuchengetedza chiito uye wedunhu breaker haigone kubviswa.
(4) Bvisa coil inovhara.
Kutadza kukonzeresa kuongororwa kwemaitiro ekushandisa:
Iyo yedunhu inotyora inoramba kushanda, izvo zvinogona kukonzerwa nekurasikirwa kwevoltage kana kuderera kwemagetsi ekushanda, kubviswa kwedunhu rekushanda, kubviswa kwekoiri yekuvhara kana coil yekuvhura, uye kusabatana kwakashata kweabatsiri switch contacts. pamuchina.
Shanduko haigone kuvharwa kana kuvhurwa mushure mekuvhara, izvo zvinogona kukonzerwa nekuderera kwesimba rekushandisa rekushandisa, yakawandisa kuonana rwendo rwekufamba kunobata kweanopaza dunhu, kubviswa kweiyo inopindirana yekubatanidza switch yekubatsira, uye shoma shoma kuwirirana pakati pehafu shaft yemaitiro ekushanda uye pawl;
Munguva yetsaona, chiito chekudzivirira relay uye muparadzi wedunhu haana kukwanisa kubviswa.Kunogona kunge kune zvinhu zvekune dzimwe nyika mupakati pesimbi yekuvhurika izvo zvaitadzisa simbi core kushanda zvakanaka, hafu yekuvhurika shaft yaisagona kutenderera, uye yekuvhura yekuvhiya seketi yakabviswa.
Zvikonzero zvinobvira zvekupisa coil yekuvhara ndezvekuti: iyo DC contactor haigone kubviswa mushure mekuvhara, iyo yekubatsira switch haitendeuki kunzvimbo yekuvhura mushure mekuvhara, uye yekubatsira switch yakasununguka.
3.4Permanent magnet mechanism
Iyo yekusingaperi magineti meshini inoshandisa nyowani yekushanda musimboti kusanganisa iyo yemagetsi magineti neanogara magineti, kudzivirira zvinoipira zvinhu zvinokonzerwa nemechani kugumburwa panzvimbo yekuvhara nekuvhura uye yekukiya system.Simba rekubata rinogadzirwa neanogara magineti rinogona kuchengetedza vacuum circuit breaker munzvimbo yekuvhara nekuvhura kana paine simba remagetsi rinodiwa.Iyo yakashongedzerwa neyekutonga sisitimu yekuona ese mabasa anodiwa nevacuum circuit breaker.Inogona kunyanya kukamurwa kuva marudzi maviri: monostable anogara magineti actuator uye bistable anogara magineti actuator.Nheyo yekushanda ye bistable inogara magineti actuator ndeyekuti kuvhura uye kuvhara kweiyo actuator kunoenderana nekusingaperi magineti simba;Musimboti wekushanda weiyo monostable inogara magineti inoshanda meshini ndeyekukurumidza kuvhura nerubatsiro rwesimba rekuchengetedza chitubu uye kuchengeta nzvimbo yekuvhura.Kuvhara chete kunogona kuchengetedza simba remagineti risingaperi.Trede Electric's main product ndiyo inostable inogara magineti actuator, uye mabhizinesi epamba anonyanya kuvandudza bistable inogara magineti actuator.
Chimiro cheiyo bistable inogara magineti actuator inosiyana, asi kune maviri chete marudzi emisimboti: kaviri coil mhando (symmetrical rudzi) uye imwechete coil mhando (asymmetrical mhando).Zvimiro zviviri izvi zvinounzwa muchidimbu pazasi.
(1) Kaviri coil inogara magineti michina
Iyo yakapetwa kaviri coil inogara magineti meshini inoratidzwa ne: kushandisa magineti echigarire kuchengetedza vacuum yedunhu rinotyora pakuvhura nekuvhara zvinzvimbo zvakateerana, uchishandisa excitation coil kusundira musimboti wesimbi wemeshini kubva panzvimbo yekuvhura kuenda kunzvimbo yekuvhara, uye kushandisa. imwe coil yekukurudzira kusundira musimboti wesimbi wemeshini kubva painovhara kuenda kunzvimbo yekuvhura.Semuenzaniso, ABB's VMl switch mechanic inotora chimiro ichi.
(2) Single coil inogara magineti michina
Iyo imwe chete coil inogara magineti meshini inoshandisawo magineti echigarire kuchengetedza vacuum wedunhu breaker panzvimbo inogumira yekuvhura nekuvhara, asi imwe inonakidza coil inoshandiswa kuvhura nekuvhara.Kune zvakare maviri ekufambisa makoiri ekuvhura nekuvhara, asi maviri makoiri ari kudivi rimwe chete, uye mafambiro eiyo parallel coil yakatarisana.Nheyo yayo yakafanana neyeiyo imwechete coil inogara magineti meshini.Simba rekuvhara rinonyanya kubva kune coil yekukurudzira, uye simba rekuvhura rinonyanya kubva muchirimo chekuvhura.Semuyenzaniso, iyo GVR column yakaiswa vacuum circuit breaker yakatangwa neWhipp&Bourne Company kuUK inotora iyi michina.
Zvinoenderana nezviri pamusoro apa maitiro echigarire magineti meshini, zvakanakira uye zvazvakaipira zvinogona kupfupikiswa.Zvakanakira ndezvokuti chimiro chiri nyore, chichienzaniswa neyechitubu michina, zvikamu zvaro zvinoderedzwa ne60%;Nezvikamu zvishoma, chiyero chekukundikana chichaderedzwawo, saka kuvimbika kwakakwirira;Upenyu hurefu hwebasa remashini;Ukuru hudiki uye uremu huremu.Izvo zvakashata ndezvekuti maererano nekuvhura maitiro, nekuti iyo inofamba simbi core inotora chikamu mukufamba kwekuvhura, iyo inofamba inertia yekufamba system inowedzera zvakanyanya pakuvhurwa, izvo zvisingafadzi zvakanyanya kuvandudza kukurumidza kwekuvhura kwakasimba;Nekuda kwesimba rekushandisa repamusoro, inoganhurwa necapacitor kugona.
4. Kuvandudzwa kwechimiro chekudzivirira
Maererano nenhamba uye kuongororwa kwemhando dzetsaona mukushanda kwe-high-voltage circuit breakers munyika yesimba rehurumende rinobva pane zvakakosha nhoroondo data, kukundikana kuzarura maakaunti e22,67%;Kuramba kushandira pamwe kwakaverengera 6.48%;Kupwanya nekuita tsaona dzaisvika 9.07%;Tsaona dzekudzivirira dziviriro dzakaita 35.47%;Tsaona yekusashanda zvakanaka yakakonzera 7.02%;Tsaona dzekuvharwa kwenzizi dzinoita chikamu che7,95%;Simba rekunze nedzimwe tsaona dzinoita 11.439 gross, idzo tsaona dzekuvharisa uye tsaona dzekuramba kupatsanurwa dzaive dzakanyanya kuzivikanwa, dzinoita chikamu che60% chetsaona dzese.Naizvozvo, insulation chimiro zvakare yakakosha poindi yevacuum circuit breaker.Zvinoenderana neshanduko uye kusimudzira kwechikamu mbiru insulation, inogona kukamurwa kuita zvizvarwa zvitatu: mhepo insulation, composite insulation, uye yakasimba sealed pole insulation.
Nguva yekutumira: Oct-22-2022